Solar Thermal Energy for Power Generation in Tropical Weather Conditions

Solar power generation is currently dominated by photovoltaic (PV) technology, but solar thermal power generation presents a compelling alternative that has been largely overlooked. As the global energy transition accelerates, the need for scalable, efficient, and dispatchable renewable energy sources has become more pressing. Solar thermal power generation offers several key advantages over PV, particularly in large-scale applications. Unlike PV, which is intermittent and directly dependent on sunlight, solar thermal systems incorporate thermal energy storage, enabling reliable, on-demand power generation even during nighttime or cloudy conditions. This capability significantly enhances grid stability and reduces dependence on backup fossil-fuel-based power sources.

Beyond energy storage benefits, solar thermal power boasts high conversion efficiencies, extended operational lifespans, and superior resilience to high temperatures, making it well-suited for deployment in regions with strong solar resources. Additionally, it minimizes reliance on rare and geopolitically sensitive materials often required for PV panels and batteries. Solar thermal plants can also be hybridized with other energy sources, including biomass and fossil fuels, further enhancing their operational flexibility. Moreover, they can directly support industrial applications requiring high-temperature heat, such as desalination, chemical processing, and hydrogen production, adding further value beyond electricity generation.

This presentation explores the deployment of a pilot solar thermal power project in Sri Lanka, a country with substantial solar potential. With rising energy demand and the necessity to transition toward sustainable power generation, Sri Lanka's adoption of solar thermal technology could serve as a model for broader implementation in tropical regions. The discussion will cover technological aspects, economic feasibility, and potential policy frameworks to support the successful integration of solar thermal power into the national energy mix. By leveraging solar thermal technology, Sri Lanka can enhance its energy security, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and move toward a more sustainable and resilient energy future.